Which doctrine allows life tenants in Ohio to produce oil and gas?

The Open Mine Doctrine is the correct answer because this legal principle allows life tenants to extract and utilize natural resources, such as oil and gas, that are located on the property they hold for the duration of their life tenancy. Under this doctrine, life tenants are permitted to continue extracting resources that have been previously extracted on the land, as long as the extraction does not cause significant damage to the property itself. This principle accounts for the economic benefit that resource extraction can provide to a life tenant, promoting their ability to make use of the property in a financially productive manner.

While the other doctrines have different applications, they do not directly pertain to the rights of life tenants to extract natural resources. The Doctrine of Waste relates to the responsibility of life tenants to avoid harming the property's value, the Doctrine of Necessity deals with the necessity for certain uses to protect property rights, and the Doctrine of Surplus is more concerned with the rights to excess profits beyond what is necessary for the maintenance of the property. Each of these doctrines serves a distinct purpose but does not encapsulate the rights related to resource extraction in the way the Open Mine Doctrine does.